And the wheel turns. Twenty years ago, Peru produced about 60% of the world's coca crop, from which cocaine is derived. But crop disease and aggressive anti-trafficking efforts in Peru hurt output there even as cultivation blossomed in Colombia, which took first place honors by the turn of the century.
Just as aggressive eradication and interdiction campaigns in Peru -- including a US-aided policy of shooting down suspected drug trafficking planes -- reduced the coca supply there in the 1990s, the massive US aid program known as Plan Colombia, with its aerial fumigation and aggressive eradication programs, has managed to shrink production in Colombia.
At its peak in 2000, Colombia accounted for 90% of the world's cocaine, with about 400,000 acres planted with coca. Since then, that figure has shrunk by about one third.
But in a clear example of "the balloon effect," Peru has taken up the slack, and has been well-situated to take advantage of growing Brazilian and European demand for cocaine. Peru's reemergence as the global coca leader comes despite renewed efforts by President Ollanta Humala to crack down on coca cultivation, as well as the trafficking and armed rebel groups -- remnants of the feared Shining Path insurgency of the 1980s -- who protect and profit from it.
Peru actually managed to decrease cultivation this year by about 4,000 acres, or 3.4%, according to UNODC. But given continuing declines in Colombia and stable, lower-level production in Bolivia, the country retakes first place even with the decline.
Unlike Colombia, both Peru and Bolivia have long histories of indigenous coca use, and both countries have large legal coca markets. But according to the UNODC, of Peru's estimated 129,000 tons of dried coca leaves, only 9,000 tons were destined for the legal market. That leaves 120,000 tons of leaves ready to be turned into cocaine hydrochloride and snorted up noses in Rio de Janeiro, Rome, and Riyadh.
Comments
Shooting down planes?
I know that there is nothing that the US doesn't thinks it has a right to do just because,but isn't this against some kind of law?I've seen them run planes out of gas and go down into the drink.I've seen them open fire on go fast boats from helicopters.We know they send assassination teams into the jungle.I only hope that one day the people behind these extra-judicial killings will be brought to justice in front of the families of some of these murdered men and women.I know that the cartels are brutal and vicious and kill without compunction.Dropping to their level just makes the law every bit as brutal and vicious.For every billionaire drug lord there are hundreds and thousands of poor peasants just trying to feed their families.Many pilots are family men trying to avoid the bank taking everything they own.As long as people are doing drugs there is no way to justify the killing,without trial,of anyone.The DEA is nothing but a terrorist organization.They try to spread fear with their shootings and downing of planes.They are every bit as inhumane as any cartel boss.
In reply to Shooting down planes? by sicntired (not verified)
i recall an incident that got
i recall an incident that got a good deal of media attention some years back in south america in which a plane carrying some young americans that wasn't even involved in smuggling got shot down, no survivors.
'The DEA is nothing but a terrorist organization.They try to spread fear with their shootings and downing of planes.They are every bit as inhumane as any cartel boss.'
exactly correct. the worst terrorists work for the government. the worst terrorist organizations are governments. not exclusively terrorist, mind u. just like 'legitimate' gangsters, they have a humane side. but just like (sur)real gangsters, they're ruthless.
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