Morales is pointing to long-time use of coca leaf without the high tech extraction processes which have given the world cocaine, a pharmaceutical product with risks (aspirin is another pharmaceutical product, with risks including death; legal drugs are said to cause hundreds of thousands of deaths). 

What if it were legal to possess-- and chew or smoke-- dry but unpharmaceutified coca leaf?  What if every user, instead of rolling up a big 500-mg hot burning overdose $igarette alias "joint", used a 25-mg-capacity one-hitter, or a vaporizer?

Here, as with cannabis, the rational nonsledgehammer dosage moderation approach seems to be "the road not taken" while prohibitionists rant about the dangers of "the drug".

To cultural imperialism. To the racist attack on the use of the traditional plant poisons Cannabis, opium and coca leaf by a dominant armed culture that has caused much corruption, death and suffering throughout the world.

It is our culture that corrupted the coca leaf into cocaine and opium into heroin and oxycodone and  spread a culture of crime and police state repression worldwide.

I salute you Bolivia. I hope other nations follow your lead.

I wonder if the legalization of coca, marijuana, and opium would go a long way in reducing the harms of prohibition. With time, perhaps the availability of coca leaf products like energy dringks (including strong versions of them, although i don't know if that technically makes it cocaine) could reduce cocaine use, and the availability of opium could reduce heroin use. Maybe not, but it's not inconceivable. It would be a really nice, clean measure to start with, just legalizing those three (although it might instead start a new market where there currently is none, and that could be a problem (not with coca, but with opium). Maybe in the long run, though, heroin users would slowly switch to opium and the new experimenters of opium would stop taking it once it stopped being an interesting new thing and it started being seen as just addictive). To replace cocaine we might also want to legalize khat, ephedra, and other natural stimulants. Just passing a law that says all plants should be legal would be a relatively risk-free version of legalization because you can allow people to get signigicantly high (and hopefully satisfied), with a low risk of overdoses (assuming the opium is smoked and not eaten). 

Imagine you could get CBD pills (natural extracts, not synthetics) at the supplements aisle at your local pharmacy. How many pain killing, neuroprotectant, antioxidant, anxiolitic, antipsychotic, sleeping aid, that's impossible to overdose on, is not habit forming, and not psychoactive, products are out there? And they wouldn't even have to legalize marijuana to do it, just hemp (I think, because if you grow for the purpose of high-cbd, that automatically means low thc). In fact, hemp farmers in Canada and other countries should look into this as a business venture. Plus, marijuana users who are prone to getting paranoia could take these pills and not get paranoia, rendering marijuana basically risk-free. I'm not certain that cbd does all these things, but as far as i understand it does. And it would proabably even be cheap too. 

From elsewhere:

"Make pot avaliable by prescription for cancer patients and other illnesses, decrim pot growing, use, and possession. Make opiates a schedule four by prescription instead of schedule two, allow all pharmacies to dispense methadone and suboxone daily by prescription, make penalities for violations up to a max of two years of mandatory treatment not prison as this only compounds the problem. Allow prison for those to sale/give to minors( under 18) not for two adults that transfer drugs to each other, these are sensable solutions to the costly drug war"

"Your reforms would have very little or no effect changing the status quo or ending the drug wars.
Only complete destruction of the black market will achieve this.
It's basically all or nothing.
Judge people by their behavior, not their conformity.
Adults should bear the consequences of their (our) decisions and actions.
Chronic tobacco use causes cancer, etc. Daily use of opium produces addiction.
Grin and bear it.
Pharmacies would have no interest in acting as sub/methadone clinics dispensing daily doses.
Sub/methadone suck anyway, as do all chemical drugs.
I would promote a culture of tolerance for the non-debilitating use of natural plant poisons (Cannabis, coca leaf, opium), as opposed to chemical poisons for use by mature adults in pursuit of pleasure.
I would promote a culture that considers the use of chemical drugs to be best suited for use as medicine, not as recreational intoxicant.
I would not legislate against adult consumption of most chemical drugs (even I draw the line with chemicals like PCP) despite the fact that they suck." .

If Bolivia withdraws from the convention, will they have to smuggle in their narcotic drugs such as morphine?

This could well turn out to be the single most significant event in the history of prohibition.